You can solve this very easily. I always increase the damage of explosives with the ini-editor to 150%.

These are the settings you are looking for:

EXPLOSIVES_DAMAGE_MODIFIER

Or do you rather think that this is a matter of simulation? Has the damage been artificially reduced to account for the fact that (also quite artificially) targets cannot jump for cover because of the turn-based system?

In that case: Would it make sense for some grenades to explode the next turn, and is this moddable? (obviously some grenades detonate on impact, but there are some with a timed fuse, right?)

Also: Would it be possible to make explosives throwable? (like tnt, c4, even charges etc.)

VinnieClaymore

Or do you rather think that this is a matter of simulation? Has the damage been artificially reduced to account for the fact that (also quite artificially) targets cannot jump for cover because of the turn-based system?

I guess this is the case. If the damage was too high you could wipe out a whole group with one grenade. This would lead to massive frustration.

VinnieClaymore

In that case: Would it make sense for some grenades to explode the next turn, and is this moddable? (obviously some grenades detonate on impact, but there are some with a timed fuse, right?)

No, that wouldn't make sense because it wouldn't change anything. If we detonate them at the start of the next turn we still couldn't take cover and if we do it on the end of the turn it is too easy to just run away.

VinnieClaymore

Also: Would it be possible to make explosives throwable? (like tnt, c4, even charges etc.)

As far as I know you can already arm explosives in inventory and throw them afterwards.

Item	Class	Name				Damage	Radius	#	Frag	Frag	Comments
ID	Index							Frags	Damage	Range
134	3	Mini Grenade			15	3	40	5	50	
135	4	Mk2 Defensive Grenade		25	4	20	10	80	40 Fragments
140	9	60mm Mortar Shell		50	6	150	12	100	
141	10	Land Mine			30	2	20	6	40	
147	16	40mm HE Grenade			25	4	150	7	80	300 Fragments
152	21	Tank Shell			60	6	100	14	80	
952	33	20mm HE Clip			20	4	100	5	70	
958	39	25mm HE Clip			22	4	125	6	70	
964	45	40mm HE Cylinder		25	4	150	7	80	
971	52	43mm HE Grenades		32	4				not a fragmentation grenade, increase damage from 27 to 32
976	57	OG-7V Fragmentation Rocket	65	6	200	10	100	Frag Type changed from AET to Ball, Range reduced from 200 to 100
977	58	PG-7MV HEAT Rocket		100	3				not a fragmentation rocket
980	61	VOG-25 40mm Grenade		30	4	100	8	80	
981	62	VOG-25P 40mm Jumping Grenade	30	4	200	8	80	Change radius from 8 to 4
983	64	40mm Metal Storm HE		25	4	150	7	80	
1371	79	43mm HE Grenade			27	4				not a fragmentation grenade
1523	85	Claymore			10	1	70	22	100	
1531	90	Tripwire Mini Grenade		15	3	40	5	50	
1532	91	Tripwire Grenade Mine		25	4	20	10	80	

• Where amount of fragments is stated this was information I found in the Internet. Fragmentation grenades that explode on the ground will send half of their fragments in the ground so I halved the number for the XML.
• Some rockets are for anti-tank use and not fragmentation explosives. This includes the LAW and PG-7MV.
• The OG-7V has frag type set to "AET". I think that this is a mistake and should be set to "ball" or is there something special about these rockets?
• The VOG-25P has a way too big blast radius of 8 tiles. I'm going to change that to 4. This grenade is similar to the VOG-25. Only difference is that it explodes above ground and therefore allows to make more effective use of its fragments.
• The Russian 43mm HE Grenade is not a fragmentation grenade. It has a plastic encasing and is supposed to kill by the blast, not fragments.

• It could be considered to drop the raw damage values of fragmenting explosives to weaken them against vehicles.
• It seems if someone steps onto a mine, he's considered the center of the explosion and "absorbs" all fragments, so using fragments actually weakens mines against multiple targets.
• Tank value seems very low, isn't it 90mm+ caliber? Also doesn't it rely more on pressure (translating into raw damage) than fragmentation?
• 43mm HE Grenade raw damage value should go up if the other get fragments.

Source of these values?

It could be considered to drop the raw damage values of fragmenting explosives to weaken them against vehicles.

It seems if someone steps onto a mine, he's considered the center of the explosion and "absorbs" all fragments, so using fragments actually weakens mines against multiple targets.

Tank value seems very low, isn't it 90mm+ caliber? Also doesn't it rely more on pressure (translating into raw damage) than fragmentation?

43mm HE Grenade raw damage value should go up if the other get fragments.

Source of these values?

When someone steps onto a mine he will certainly lose his foot or more but he will not "absorb all fragments". There are different types of mines. Even blast mines will create "fragments", be it stones from the soil it was buried in or bones and equipment parts from the victim.
The picture of the land mines in Ja2 refers to a blast mine but the description says it's a frag mine. Frag mines are not buried in the soil like in Ja2, they are above ground to be effective (the Claymore is a frag mine btw.).
After some consideration I would say that our "Land Mine" is a blast mine and we should fix the description and maybe add a small number of fragments to simulate the debris flying around.

I meant how it's realized mechanicalwise in the game. I converted the mine to fragments only and let someone step onto them a few times. Maybe i just was unlucky, but there was no danger to bystanders anymore as the triggering merc takes all the fragments (and dies).

Explosives have been using the fragments since 2014 when I made the spreadsheet.